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1 rocked in security
rocked in security беспечный, не подозревающий об опасности -
2 rocked in security
беспечный, не подозревающий об опасностиБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > rocked in security
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3 rocked in security
Общая лексика: беспечный, не подозревающий об опасности -
4 rocked in security
беспечный, не подозревающий об опасностиАнгло-русский большой универсальный переводческий словарь > rocked in security
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5 rock
̈ɪrɔk I сущ.
1) а) скала, утес jagged, rugged rocks ≈ острые скалы, скалистый утес solid as a rock ≈ непреклонен как скала б) (с определенным артиклем с заглавной буквы) мыс Гибралтар в) горная порода;
богатая руда г) камень, булыжник;
камень для керлинга to throw a rock at ≈ кинуть в (кого-л.) камнем Syn: boulder д) подводный камень, риф;
перен. причина неудачи, провала е) сл. драгоценный камень, брильянт Syn: diamond
2) а) сл. яйца (мужские половые органы) get one's rocks off б) леденцовая карамель в) сл. крэк (форма героина) Syn: crack
3) опора, нечто надежное, фундамент (также рел. по отношению к Христу как агенту спасения) Syn: foundation, support
4) обыкн. амер. сл. деньга, монетка, доллар;
мн. деньги
5) амер. спорт сл. ошибка( в бейсболе) ∙ on the rocks run the rocks go upon the rocks see rocks ahead between the rock and the hard place II гл.
1) убаюкивать, укачивать The movement of the train was rocking me to sleep. ≈ В поезде меня укачало, и я заснул. Syn: lull
2) а) качать(ся), колебать(ся) ;
диал. нетвердо стоять на ногах, идти, спотыкаясь to rock a cradle ≈ качать колыбель Syn: sway;
stagger, reel б) трясти(сь), сотрясать(ся) A sudden hurricane blew out our lights and rocked our habitation. ≈ Внезапный порыв ветра задул огни и сотряс наше жилище. в) выводить из состояния душевного равновесия Has Troy seen about the Will? It'll rock them considerably. ≈ Трой уже видел завещание? Оно его потрясет. Syn: distress, perturb, upset, surprise, startle, dumbfound ∙ Syn: sway ∙ rocked in security III сущ.;
уст. прялка Syn: spinning-wheel, distaff IV
1. сущ. рок, рок-н-ролл (стиль музыки и танца) country rock ≈ кантри-рок, рокабилли Syn: rock'n'roll
2. прил. в стиле рок rock music ≈ рок-музыка rock festival ≈ фестиваль рок-музыки
3. гл.
1) исполнять музыку в стиле "рок", играть рок
2) танцевать рок, рок-н-ролл скала, утес - the boat was wrecked on a * лодка разбилась о скалу - as firm as a * твердый как скала (американизм) камень, булыжник горная порода;
скальная порода - to build on a * (образное) заложить прочный фундамент, основываться на чем-л. прочном - * decay (геология) выветривание пород - * excavation( специальное) скальные работы - * exposure( геология) обнажение породы причина несчастья, неудачи или провала - the * on which we split причина несчастий, крушения надежд и т. п. рокк (леденцовая карамель) обыкн. pl (американизм) (сленг) деньги - to pile up the *s много зарабатывать( сленг) брильянт (разговорное) кусочек льда (для напитков) (разговорное) глупая ошибка - to pull a * сделать промах, допустить оплошность > on the *s "на мели", без гроша;
в тяжелом положении;
(американизм) со льдом (о напитке) > rye on the *s виски со льдом > to go /to run/ upon the *s потерпеть крушение;
встретить неодолимые препятствия;
обанкротиться, разориться;
вылететь в трубу > to see *s ahead видеть перед собой опасность > the R. of Ages (религия) Христос > between a * and a hard place (американизм) в безвыходном положении качание, колебание;
тряска качать, колебать - to * a cradle качать колыбель - to * oneself from side to side качаться из стороны в сторону - the waves *ed the boat волны качали лодку качаться, колебаться - the trees * in the wind деревья качаются на ветру трясти;
трястись - the explosion made the whole house * от взрыва весь дом зашатался - he *ed with laughter он затрясся от смеха укачивать, убаюкивать - * the baby to sleep убаюкайте ребенка - to * a child in a cradle укачивать ребенка в колыбели - the movement of the ship *ed us to sleep мы заснули под слабое покачивание корабля - *ed in security( образное) беспечный, не подозревающий об опасности расстраивать, приводить в волнение( разговорное) поразить, ошеломить, потрясти - everyone was *ed by the verdict приговор потряс всех( горное) промывать в лотке - to * gravel for gold мыть золотоносный песок промываться - this ore *s slowly такая руда промывается медленно > to * the boat вносить разлад, мешать слаженной работе( коллектива и т. п.) рок (стиль музыки и танца;
тж. rock'n'roll) в стиле рок - * music рок-музыка - * festival фестиваль рок-музыки исполнять в стиле "рок" (музыку) танцевать под рок-музыку (устаревшее) прялка ~ качать(ся) ;
колебать(-ся) ;
трясти(сь) ;
he rocked with laughter он затрясся от смеха on the rocks = "на мели";
в стесненных обстоятельствах on the rocks = со льдом (о напитке) rock (the R.) Гибралтар ~ горная порода ~ (обыкн. pl) амер. sl. деньги ~ камень;
булыжник ~ качать(ся) ;
колебать(-ся) ;
трясти(сь) ;
he rocked with laughter он затрясся от смеха ~ леденцовая карамель ~ опора, нечто надежное ~ причина неудачи или провала ~ уст. прялка ~ скала, утес ~ укачивать, убаюкивать;
rocked in security беспечный, не подозревающий об опасности ~ attr. горный;
каменный ~ sl. брильянт ~ укачивать, убаюкивать;
rocked in security беспечный, не подозревающий об опасности to run (или to go) upon the ~s натыкаться на непреодолимые препятствия;
to see rocks ahead видеть перед собой опасности to run (или to go) upon the ~s потерпеть крушение to run (или to go) upon the ~s натыкаться на непреодолимые препятствия;
to see rocks ahead видеть перед собой опасности -
6 rock
[̈ɪrɔk]rock качать(ся); колебать(-ся); трясти(сь); he rocked with laughter он затрясся от смеха on the rocks = "на мели"; в стесненных обстоятельствах on the rocks = со льдом (о напитке) rock (the R.) Гибралтар rock горная порода rock (обыкн. pl) амер. sl. деньги rock камень; булыжник rock качать(ся); колебать(-ся); трясти(сь); he rocked with laughter он затрясся от смеха rock леденцовая карамель rock опора, нечто надежное rock причина неудачи или провала rock уст. прялка rock скала, утес rock укачивать, убаюкивать; rocked in security беспечный, не подозревающий об опасности rock attr. горный; каменный rock sl. брильянт rock укачивать, убаюкивать; rocked in security беспечный, не подозревающий об опасности to run (или to go) upon the rocks натыкаться на непреодолимые препятствия; to see rocks ahead видеть перед собой опасности to run (или to go) upon the rocks потерпеть крушение to run (или to go) upon the rocks натыкаться на непреодолимые препятствия; to see rocks ahead видеть перед собой опасности -
7 rock
I [rok] noun1) ((a large lump or mass of) the solid parts of the surface of the Earth: The ship struck a rock and sank; the rocks on the seashore; He built his house on solid rock.) skala2) (a large stone: The climber was killed by a falling rock.) skala3) (a type of hard sweet made in sticks: a stick of Edinburgh rock.) vrsta bonbona•- rockery- rocky
- rockiness
- rock-bottom
- rock-garden
- rock-plant
- on the rocks II [rok] verb1) (to (cause to) swing gently backwards and forwards or from side to side: The mother rocked the cradle; This cradle rocks.) gugati (se)2) (to swing (a baby) gently in one's arms to comfort it or make it sleep.) zibati (se)3) (to shake or move violently: The earthquake rocked the building.) zamajati•- rocker- rocky
- rockiness
- rocking-chair
- rocking-horse
- off one's rocker III [rok]((also rock music) music or songs with a strong, heavy beat and usually a simple melody: She likes rock; ( also adjective) a rock band.) rock(erski)* * *I [rɔk]1.nounskala, čer, kleč; kamnit blok; kamenina; plural collective prepad, strma pečina, stena; figuratively čvrsta tla; nevarna zapreka; vrsta paličastega bonbona; bonbon, plural sadni bonboni; American colloquially kamen, American slang kovanecRock of Ages figuratively religion Kristuson the rocks — nasedel, figuratively slang v denarni stiskibuilt on a rock — zgrajen na skali, figuratively osnovan na trdni podlagi, trden, sigurenbed-rock, living rock — živa skalathere are rocks ahead figuratively nevarnost je pred nami, nevarnost grozito be on the rocks — nasesti na čer, figuratively biti v denarnih težavahthat's the rock you'll split on figuratively to je za vas posebno nevarno, tu si boste lahkó polomili zobeto run against a rock figuratively drveti v nevarnostto run upon a rock — nasesti, zadeti na čer, figuratively razbiti seto see rocks ahead figuratively morati računati s težavamito throw rocks at s.o. American obmetavati koga s kamenjem;2.adjectiveskalnatII [rɔk]transitive verbzibati, pozibavati, gugati, uspavati; nihati, kolebati; (s)tresti, majati; zamajati, figuratively napraviti negotovo, nezanesljivo, nevarno; intransitive verb zibati se, gugati se, nihati (on na); kolebati se (tudi figuratively); klecati, opotekati se; omahovatito rock the boat slang figuratively otežkočiti stvari (za svoje sodelavce, kolege)to rock oneself in the hope that... — zazibati se v upanje, da...III [rɔk]nounzibanje, pozibavanje (pri plesu), guganjeIV [rɔk]nounhistory preslica (pri kolovratu)Rock Day — = Distaff Day — 7. januar (dan po prazniku svetih treh kraljev) -
8 rock
/rɔk/ * danh từ - đá =as firm as a rock+ vững như bàn thạch - ((thường) số nhiều) (từ Mỹ,nghĩa Mỹ), (thông tục) tiền - kẹo cứng, kẹo hạnh nhân cứng - (như) rock-pigeon !to be on the rocks - (từ lóng) kiết, không một đồng xu dính túi !built (founded) on the rock - xây dựng trên nền đá; (nghĩa bóng) xây dựng trên một nền tảng vững chắc !to run upon the rocks - đâm phải núi đá (tàu biển) - (nghĩa bóng) lâm vào cảnh khó khăn không khắc phục nổi !to see rocks ahead - trông thấy núi đá trước mắt khó tránh được (tàu biển...) - (nghĩa bóng) trông thấy nguy hiểm trước mắt * danh từ - (sử học) guồng quay chỉ - sự đu đưa * động từ - đu đưa, lúc lắc =to rock a child to sleep+ đu đưa cho đứa bé ngủ =the ship is rocking on the waves+ con tàu đu đưa trên ngọn sóng - làm rung chuyển; rung chuyển =the earthquake rocked the houses+ cuộc động đất làm những ngôi nhà rung chuyển =the house rocks+ căn nhà rung chuyển !to be rocked in hopes - ấp ủ hy vọng, sống trong hy vọng !to be rocked in security - sống trong cảnh yên ổn không phải lo nghĩ gì đến mọi hiểm nguy -
9 rock
Inoun1) скала, утес2) (the Rock) Гибралтар3) опора, нечто надежное4) горная порода5) камень; булыжник6) причина неудачи или провала7) леденцовая карамель8) (обыкн. pl) amer. slang деньги9) slang брильянт10) (attr.) горный; каменныйon the rocks = а) 'на мели'; в стесненных обстоятельствах;б) со льдом (о напитке)to run/go upon the rocksа) потерпеть крушение;б) натыкаться на непреодолимые препятствияto see rocks ahead видеть перед собой опасностиIIverb1) качать(ся); колебать(ся); трясти(сь); he rocked with laughter он затрясся от смеха2) укачивать, убаюкиватьrocked in security беспечный, не подозревающий об опасностиSyn:jazzIIInoun, obsoleteпрялка* * *1 (n) скала2 (v) качаться* * ** * *[rɑk /rɒk] n. скала, утес, камень, булыжник, горная порода; нечто надежное, опора; причина опасности, причина провала; леденцовая карамель; бриллиант; качание, колебание, покачивание; рок-н-ролл, рок v. качать, шатать, колебать, качаться; укачивать, баюкать; тревожить, беспокоить, волновать; танцевать рок-н-ролл, исполнять рок-музыку* * *баюкатьбулыжникгибралтаркаменькачатькачатьсяколебатьколебатьсяколыхатьколыхатьсяопорапородарокроккскалатрястиубаюкиватьукачиватьутесутёс* * *I сущ. 1) а) скала б) мыс Гибралтар в) горная порода; богатая руда г) камень, булыжник; камень для керлинга д) подводный камень, риф; перен. причина неудачи е) сленг драгоценный камень 2) а) сленг яйца (мужские половые органы) б) леденцовая карамель в) сленг крэк (форма героина) 3) опора, нечто надежное, фундамент II гл. 1) убаюкивать 2) а) качать(ся), колебать(ся); диал. нетвердо стоять на ногах б) трясти(сь) в) выводить из состояния душевного равновесия III сущ.; устар. прялка IV 1. сущ. рок 2. прил. в стиле рок 3. гл. 1) исполнять музыку в стиле "рок", играть рок 2) танцевать рок -
10 беспечный
1) General subject: blithe, carefree, careless, cavalier (having or showing no concern for something that is important or serious - см. http://www.merriam-webster.com/top-ten-lists/top-10-simple-but-intelligent-words/cavalier.html), devil may care, devil-may-care, devoid of cares, easy going, easygoing, gay, happy go lucky, happy-go-lucky, inapprehensive, incautious, jaunty, light, light hearted, light-hearted, lightsome, negligent, nonchalant, reckless, rocked in security, slaphappy, thoughtless, uncareful, unconcerned, unguarded, unheedful, unmindful, unthinking, unthoughtful, unworried, volatile, watchless, flippant, devil-may-carish, giddy-pated, mindless2) Colloquial: slapdash3) Poetical language: blithesome5) Aviation medicine: inadvertent -
11 не подозревающий об опасности
1) General subject: rocked in security, thoughtless of danger, unaware of danger, unwary2) Makarov: inapprehensive (и т.п.)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > не подозревающий об опасности
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12 rock
I rok noun1) ((a large lump or mass of) the solid parts of the surface of the Earth: The ship struck a rock and sank; the rocks on the seashore; He built his house on solid rock.) stein(masse), klippe, skjær, fjell2) (a large stone: The climber was killed by a falling rock.) stein3) (a type of hard sweet made in sticks: a stick of Edinburgh rock.) peppermyntestang•- rockery- rocky
- rockiness
- rock-bottom
- rock-garden
- rock-plant
- on the rocks II rok verb1) (to (cause to) swing gently backwards and forwards or from side to side: The mother rocked the cradle; This cradle rocks.) gynge, vogge2) (to swing (a baby) gently in one's arms to comfort it or make it sleep.) lulle, vogge3) (to shake or move violently: The earthquake rocked the building.) ryste, skake•- rocker- rocky
- rockiness
- rocking-chair
- rocking-horse
- off one's rocker III rok((also rock music) music or songs with a strong, heavy beat and usually a simple melody: She likes rock; ( also adjective) a rock band.) rock(emusikk); rocke-bergart--------fjell--------klippe--------stein--------steinmaterialeIsubst. \/rɒk\/1) ( også overført) klippe, fjell2) fjellgrunn3) kampestein, småstein (amer. og austr.)4) ( geologi) stein, bergart5) skjær6) ( britisk) sukkerstang, polkagris7) (amer., slang) diamant, edelsten8) ( slang) gryn, spenn9) ( narkotika) crackas firm as (a) rock stø som fjell, klippefastbe on the rocks være ødelagt, ha havarert, være mislykket, ha gått i stykkerekteskapet deres har gått i stykker stå på bar bakke, være helt ribbetbetween a rock and a hard place mellom barken og vedenget one's rocks off (vulgært, om menn) få tømt seg, få orgasmego on the rocks havarere, gå i stykkerhave rocks in one's head være stokk dumon the rocks ( om drink) med is• I'd like a whisky on the rocks, pleasejeg tar en whisky med is, takkpile up the rocks tjene rått med penger, håve inn pengerrun upon the rocks ( også overført) gå på grunn, lide skipbruddsee rocks ahead oppdage\/ane skjulte farersolid as a rock klippefast, stø som fjellIIsubst. \/rɒk\/se ➢ rock 'n' roll, 1IIIsubst. \/rɒk\/1) gynging, vugging2) ( historisk) håndrokk, teinIVverb \/rɒk\/1) gynge, vugge, bysse2) ( også overført) ryste, sjokkere, sette i bevegelse3) rocke, spille rock, danse til rockemusikk4) lulle5) ( gruvedrift) riste, vaskerock along (amer., hverdagslig) stå pårock the boat ødelegge alt sammen, forstyrre freden\/balansenrock with laughter riste av latter -
13 rock
I noun1) (piece of rock) Fels, derbe as solid as a rock — (fig.) absolut zuverlässig sein
‘danger, falling rocks’ — "Achtung od. Vorsicht, Steinschlag!"; "Steinschlaggefahr!"
be caught between a rock and a hard place — in einer Zwickmühle stizen (ugs.)
stick of rock — Zuckerstange, die
7)be on the rocks — (fig. coll.): (have failed) [Ehe, Firma:] kaputt sein (ugs.)
8)II 1. transitive verbon the rocks — (with ice cubes) mit Eis od. on the rocks
2) (shake) erschüttern; (fig.) erschüttern [Person]2. intransitive verbrock the boat — (fig. coll.) Trouble machen (ugs.)
2) (sway) schwanken; wanken3) (dance)3. noun(music) Rock, der; attrib. Rock-rock and or 'n' roll [music] — Rock and Roll, der; Rock 'n' Roll, der
* * *I [rok] noun1) ((a large lump or mass of) the solid parts of the surface of the Earth: The ship struck a rock and sank; the rocks on the seashore; He built his house on solid rock.) der Felsen2) (a large stone: The climber was killed by a falling rock.) der Felsen•- academic.ru/62695/rockery">rockery- rocky
- rockiness
- rock-bottom
- rock-garden
- rock-plant
- on the rocks II [rok] verb1) (to (cause to) swing gently backwards and forwards or from side to side: The mother rocked the cradle; This cradle rocks.) schaukeln3) (to shake or move violently: The earthquake rocked the building.) ins Wanken bringen•- rocker- rocky
- rockiness
- rocking-chair
- rocking-horse
- off one's rocker III [rok]((also rock music) music or songs with a strong, heavy beat and usually a simple melody: She likes rock; ( also adjective) a rock band.) die Rockmusik; Rock-...* * *rock1[rɒk, AM rɑ:k]nto be [as] solid as a \rock (hard) hart wie Stein [o steinhart] sein; ( approv fig: reliable) wie ein Fels in der Brandung sein figour team's defense has been as solid as a \rock all year auf unsere Verteidigung war das ganze Jahr über absolut Verlasstheir marriage is solid as a \rock ihre Ehe ist durch nichts zu erschüttern4. (Gibraltar)▪ the R\rock der Felsen von Gibraltar▪ on the \rocks mit Eis, on the rocksstick of \rock Zuckerstange fto head for the \rocks in sein Verderben rennen13.▶ on the \rocks ( fam: in disastrous state) am Ende fam; relationship, marriage in die Brüche gegangen, kaputt famthe company is on the \rocks das Unternehmen ist vom Pleitegeier bedrohtrock2[rɒk, AM rɑ:k]I. nII. vtto \rock sb to sleep jdn in den Schlaf wiegen2. (sway)▪ to \rock sth etw erschüttern3. (shock)4.III. vi1. (move) schaukelnto \rock back and forth hin und her schaukeln3. (be excellent)he really \rocks! er ist ein Supertyp! famthat's his third goal of the game — he \rocks! das ist sein drittes Tor bei diesem Spiel — er ist einfach ein Ass! famthis party really \rocks! diese Party bringt's! fam* * *I [rɒk]1. vtto rock a baby to sleep —
rocked by the waves — von den Wellen hin und her geschaukelt
2) (= shake) town erschüttern, zum Beben bringen; building ins Wanken bringen, erschüttern; ship hin und her werfen; (fig inf) person erschüttern2. vi1) (gently) schaukelnhe was rocking back and forth (in his chair) — er schaukelte (auf seinem Stuhl) vor und zurück
3) (= rock and roll) rocken4) (inf: be exciting, lively) (place) eine aufregende Atmosphäre haben; (music, show) supergut (inf) or echt geil (sl) sein3. n(= pop music) Rock m; (= dance) Rock n' Roll mrock-and-roll — Rock and Roll m, Rock n' Roll m
IIto do the rock-and-roll — Rock n' Roll tanzen, rocken
ncaves hewn out of the rock — aus dem Fels(en) gehauene Höhlen
hewn out of solid rock — aus massivem Stein/Fels gehauen
porous/volcanic rock — poröses/vulkanisches Gestein
as solid as a rock (structure) — massiv wie ein Fels; firm, marriage unerschütterlich wie ein Fels
"danger, falling rocks" — "Steinschlaggefahr"
3) (inf: diamond) Diamant m;4) no pl (Brit: sweet) Zuckerstange f5)* * *rock1 [rɒk; US rɑk] s1. Fels(en) m:a) massiv,b) fig verlässlich, zuverlässig;be between a rock and a hard place umg zwischen Baum und Borke sitzen oder stecken, in einer Zwickmühle sein oder sitzen; → offence 52. koll Felsen pl, Felsgestein n:(as) hard as rock steinhart3. GEOL Gestein n, Felsart f4. Klippe f (auch fig):rock a head! SCHIFF Klippe voraus!;on the rocks fig umga) pleite, bankrott,b) kaputt, in die Brüche gegangen (Ehe etc),c) on the rocks, mit Eiswürfeln (Whisky etc)Rock English Gibraltar-Englisch n;Rock Scorpion (Spitzname für) Bewohner(in) von Gibraltar6. US Stein m7. fig Fels m, Zuflucht f, Schutz m:the rock of ages figa) Christus,b) der christliche Glaube8. Br in Seebädern verkaufte harte, bunte Zuckerstange mit dem Namen des Ortes darauf:9. sl Stein m, besonders Diamant m, pl auch Klunkern pl sl10. US sla) Geldstück n, besonders Dollar mb) pl Knete f sl12. pl vulg Eier pl (Hoden)rock2 [rɒk; US rɑk]A v/t1. wiegen, schaukeln:rock its wings FLUG (mit den Tragflächen) wackeln2. erschüttern, ins Wanken bringen (beide auch fig), schütteln, rütteln:rock in security fig in Sicherheit wiegen4. Sand, ein Sieb etc rüttelnB v/i1. (sich) schaukeln, sich wiegen2. (sch)wanken, wackeln, taumelnrock with laughter sich vor Lachen biegen4. MUS Rock ’n’ Roll tanzen5. MUS rockenC s1. → rock ’n’ rollrock band Rockband f;rock concert Rockkonzert n;rock group Rockgruppe f;rock opera Rockoper f;rock singer Rocksänger(in)* * *I noun1) (piece of rock) Fels, derbe as solid as a rock — (fig.) absolut zuverlässig sein
‘danger, falling rocks’ — "Achtung od. Vorsicht, Steinschlag!"; "Steinschlaggefahr!"
5) no pl., no indef. art. (hard sweet)stick of rock — Zuckerstange, die
7)be on the rocks — (fig. coll.): (have failed) [Ehe, Firma:] kaputt sein (ugs.)
8)II 1. transitive verbon the rocks — (with ice cubes) mit Eis od. on the rocks
1) (move to and fro) wiegen; (in cradle) schaukeln; wiegen2) (shake) erschüttern; (fig.) erschüttern [Person]2. intransitive verbrock the boat — (fig. coll.) Trouble machen (ugs.)
1) (move to and fro) sich wiegen; schaukeln2) (sway) schwanken; wanken3) (dance)3. noun(music) Rock, der; attrib. Rock-rock and or 'n' roll [music] — Rock and Roll, der; Rock 'n' Roll, der
* * *n.Fels -en m.Gestein -e n.Klippe -n f. v.schaukeln v.schwanken v.schütteln v. -
14 Chronology
15,000-3,000 BCE Paleolithic cultures in western Portugal.400-200 BCE Greek and Carthaginian trade settlements on coast.202 BCE Roman armies invade ancient Lusitania.137 BCE Intensive Romanization of Lusitania begins.410 CE Germanic tribes — Suevi and Visigoths—begin conquest of Roman Lusitania and Galicia.714—16 Muslims begin conquest of Visigothic Lusitania.1034 Christian Reconquest frontier reaches Mondego River.1064 Christians conquer Coimbra.1139 Burgundian Count Afonso Henriques proclaims himself king of Portugal; birth of Portugal. Battle of Ourique: Afonso Henriques defeats Muslims.1147 With English Crusaders' help, Portuguese seize Lisbon from Muslims.1179 Papacy formally recognizes Portugal's independence (Pope Alexander III).1226 Campaign to reclaim Alentejo from Muslims begins.1249 Last Muslim city (Silves) falls to Portuguese Army.1381 Beginning of third war between Castile and Portugal.1383 Master of Aviz, João, proclaimed regent by Lisbon populace.1385 April: Master of Aviz, João I, proclaimed king of Portugal by Cortes of Coimbra. 14 August: Battle of Aljubarrota, Castilians defeated by royal forces, with assistance of English army.1394 Birth of "Prince Henry the Navigator," son of King João I.1415 Beginning of overseas expansion as Portugal captures Moroccan city of Ceuta.1419 Discovery of Madeira Islands.1425-28 Prince D. Pedro, older brother of Prince Henry, travels in Europe.1427 Discovery (or rediscovery?) of Azores Islands.1434 Prince Henry the Navigator's ships pass beyond Cape Bojador, West Africa.1437 Disaster at Tangier, Morocco, as Portuguese fail to capture city.1441 First African slaves from western Africa reach Portugal.1460 Death of Prince Henry. Portuguese reach what is now Senegal, West Africa.1470s Portuguese explore West African coast and reach what is now Ghana and Nigeria and begin colonizing islands of São Tomé and Príncipe.1479 Treaty of Alcáçovas between kings of Portugal and Spain.1482 Portuguese establish post at São Jorge da Mina, Gold Coast (now Ghana).1482-83 Portuguese navigator Diogo Cão reaches mouth of Congo River and Angola.1488 Navigator Bartolomeu Dias rounds Cape of Good Hope, South Africa, and finds route to Indian Ocean.1492-93 Columbus's first voyage to West Indies.1493 Columbus visits Azores and Portugal on return from first voyage; tells of discovery of New World. Treaty of Tordesillas signed between kings of Portugal and Spain: delimits spheres of conquest with line 370 leagues west of Cape Verde Islands (claimed by Portugal); Portugal's sphere to east of line includes, in effect, Brazil.King Manuel I and Royal Council decide to continue seeking all-water route around Africa to Asia.King Manuel I expels unconverted Jews from Portugal.1497-99 Epic voyage of Vasco da Gama from Portugal around Africa to west India, successful completion of sea route to Asia project; da Gama returns to Portugal with samples of Asian spices.1500 Bound for India, Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral "discovers" coast of Brazil and claims it for Portugal.1506 Anti-Jewish riots in Lisbon.Battle of Diu, India; Portugal's command of Indian Ocean assured for some time with Francisco de Almeida's naval victory over Egyptian and Gujerati fleets.Afonso de Albuquerque conquers Goa, India; beginning of Portuguese hegemony in south Asia.Portuguese conquest of Malacca; commerce in Spice Islands.1519 Magellan begins circumnavigation voyage.1536 Inquisition begins in Portugal.1543 Portuguese merchants reach Japan.1557 Portuguese merchants granted Chinese territory of Macau for trading factory.1572 Luís de Camões publishes epic poem, Os Lusíadas.1578 Battle of Alcácer-Quivir; Moroccan forces defeat army of King Sebastião of Portugal; King Sebastião dies in battle. Portuguese succession crisis.1580 King Phillip II of Spain claims and conquers Portugal; Spanish rule of Portugal, 1580-1640.1607-24 Dutch conquer sections of Asia and Brazil formerly held by Portugal.1640 1 December: Portuguese revolution in Lisbon overthrows Spanish rule, restores independence. Beginning of Portugal's Braganza royal dynasty.1654 Following Dutch invasions and conquest of parts of Brazil and Angola, Dutch expelled by force.1661 Anglo-Portuguese Alliance treaty signed: England pledges to defend Portugal "as if it were England itself." Queen Catherine of Bra-ganza marries England's Charles II.1668 February: In Portuguese-Spanish peace treaty, Spain recognizes independence of Portugal, thus ending 28-year War of Restoration.1703 Methuen Treaties signed, key commercial trade agreement and defense treaty between England and Portugal.1750 Pombal becomes chief minister of King José I.1755 1 November: Massive Lisbon earthquake, tidal wave, and fire.1759 Expulsion of Jesuits from Portugal and colonies.1761 Slavery abolished in continental Portugal.1769 Abandonment of Mazagão, Morocco, last Portuguese outpost.1777 Pombal dismissed as chief minister by Queen Maria I, after death of José I.1791 Portugal and United States establish full diplomatic relations.1807 November: First Napoleonic invasion; French forces under Junot conquer Portugal. Royal family flees to colony of Brazil and remains there until 1821.1809 Second French invasion of Portugal under General Soult.1811 Third French invasion of Portugal under General Masséna.1813 Following British general Wellington's military victories, French forces evacuate Portugal.1817 Liberal, constitutional movements against absolutist monarchist rule break out in Brazil (Pernambuco) and Portugal (Lisbon, under General Gomes Freire); crushed by government. British marshal of Portugal's army, Beresford, rules Portugal.Liberal insurrection in army officer corps breaks out in Cadiz, Spain, and influences similar movement in Portugal's armed forces first in Oporto.King João VI returns from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and early draft of constitution; era of constitutional monarchy begins.1822 7 September: João VI's son Pedro proclaims independence ofBrazil from Portugal and is named emperor. 23 September: Constitution of 1822 ratified.Portugal recognizes sovereign independence of Brazil.King João VI dies; power struggle for throne ensues between his sons, brothers Pedro and Miguel; Pedro, emperor of Brazil, abdicates Portuguese throne in favor of his daughter, D. Maria II, too young to assume crown. By agreement, Miguel, uncle of D. Maria, is to accept constitution and rule in her stead.1828 Miguel takes throne and abolishes constitution. Sections of Portugal rebel against Miguelite rule.1831 Emperor Pedro abdicates throne of Brazil and returns to Portugal to expel King Miguel from Portuguese throne.1832-34 Civil war between absolutist King Miguel and constitutionalist Pedro, who abandons throne of Brazil to restore his young daughter Maria to throne of Portugal; Miguel's armed forces defeated by those of Pedro. Miguel leaves for exile and constitution (1826 Charter) is restored.1834-53 Constitutional monarchy consolidated under rule of Queen Maria II, who dies in 1853.1851-71 Regeneration period of economic development and political stability; public works projects sponsored by Minister Fontes Pereira de Melo.1871-90 Rotativism period of alternating party governments; achieves political stability and less military intervention in politics and government. Expansion of colonial territory in tropical Africa.January: Following territorial dispute in central Africa, Britain delivers "Ultimatum" to Portugal demanding withdrawal of Portugal's forces from what is now Malawi and Zimbabwe. Portugal's government, humiliated in accepting demand under threat of a diplomatic break, falls. Beginning of governmental and political instability; monarchist decline and republicanism's rise.Anglo-Portuguese treaties signed relating to delimitation of frontiers in colonial Africa.1899 Treaty of Windsor; renewal of Anglo-Portuguese defense and friendship alliance.1903 Triumphal visit of King Edward VII to Portugal.1906 Politician João Franco supported by King Carlos I in dictatorship to restore order and reform.1908 1 February: Murder in Lisbon of King Carlos I and his heir apparent, Prince Dom Luís, by Portuguese anarchists. Eighteen-year-old King Manuel II assumes throne.1910 3-5 October: Following republican-led military insurrection in armed forces, monarchy falls and first Portuguese republic is proclaimed. Beginning of unstable, economically troubled, parliamentary republic form of government.May: Violent insurrection in Lisbon overturns government of General Pimenta de Castro; nearly a thousand casualties from several days of armed combat in capital.March: Following Portugal's honoring ally Britain's request to confiscate German shipping in Portuguese harbors, Germany declares war on Portugal; Portugal enters World War I on Allied side.Portugal organizes and dispatches Portuguese Expeditionary Corps to fight on the Western Front. 9 April: Portuguese forces mauled by German offensive in Battle of Lys. Food rationing and riots in Lisbon. Portuguese military operations in Mozambique against German expedition's invasion from German East Africa. 5 December: Authoritarian, presidentialist government under Major Sidónio Pais takes power in Lisbon, following a successful military coup.1918 11 November: Armistice brings cessation of hostilities on Western Front in World War I. Portuguese expeditionary forces stationed in Angola, Mozambique, and Flanders begin return trip to Portugal. 14 December: President Sidónio Pais assassinated. Chaotic period of ephemeral civil war ensues.1919-21 Excessively unstable political period, including January1919 abortive effort of Portuguese monarchists to restore Braganza dynasty to power. Republican forces prevail, but level of public violence, economic distress, and deprivation remains high.1921 October: Political violence attains peak with murder of former prime minister and other prominent political figures in Lisbon. Sectors of armed forces and Guarda Nacional Republicana are mutinous. Year of financial and corruption scandals, including Portuguese bank note (fraud) case; military court acquits guilty military insurrectionists, and one military judge declares "the country is sick."28 May: Republic overthrown by military coup or pronunciamento and conspiracy among officer corps. Parliament's doors locked and parliament closed for nearly nine years to January 1935. End of parliamentary republic, Western Europe's most unstable political system in this century, beginning of the Portuguese dictatorship, after 1930 known as the Estado Novo. Officer corps assumes reins of government, initiates military censorship of the press, and suppresses opposition.February: Military dictatorship under General Óscar Carmona crushes failed republican armed insurrection in Oporto and Lisbon.April: Military dictatorship names Professor Antônio de Oliveira Salazar minister of finance, with dictatorial powers over budget, to stabilize finances and rebuild economy. Insurrectionism among military elements continues into 1931.1930 Dr. Salazar named minister for colonies and announces balanced budgets. Salazar consolidates support by various means, including creation of official regime "movement," the National Union. Salazar engineers Colonial Act to ensure Lisbon's control of bankrupt African colonies by means of new fiscal controls and centralization of authority. July: Military dictatorship names Salazar prime minister for first time, and cabinet composition undergoes civilianization; academic colleagues and protégés plan conservative reform and rejuvenation of society, polity, and economy. Regime comes to be called the Estado Novo (New State). New State's constitution ratified by new parliament, the National Assembly; Portugal described in document as "unitary, corporative Republic" and governance influenced by Salazar's stern personality and doctrines such as integralism, Catholicism, and fiscal conservatism.1936 Violent instability and ensuing civil war in neighboring Spain, soon internationalized by fascist and communist intervention, shake Estado Novo regime. Pseudofascist period of regime features creation of imitation Fascist institutions to defend regime from leftist threats; Portugal institutes "Portuguese Youth" and "Portuguese Legion."1939 3 September: Prime Minister Salazar declares Portugal's neutrality in World War II. October: Anglo-Portuguese agreement grants naval and air base facilities to Britain and later to United States for Battle of the Atlantic and Normandy invasion support. Third Reich protests breach of Portugal's neutrality.6 June: On day of Allies' Normandy invasion, Portugal suspends mining and export of wolfram ore to both sides in war.8 May: Popular celebrations of Allied victory and Fascist defeat in Lisbon and Oporto coincide with Victory in Europe Day. Following managed elections for Estado Novo's National Assembly in November, regime police, renamed PIDE, with increased powers, represses opposition.1947 Abortive military coup in central Portugal easily crushed by regime. Independence of India and initiation of Indian protests against Portuguese colonial rule in Goa and other enclaves.1949 Portugal becomes founding member of NATO.1951 Portugal alters constitution and renames overseas colonies "Overseas Provinces." Portugal and United States sign military base agreements for use of air and naval facilities in Azores Islands and military aid to Lisbon. President Carmona dies in office, succeeded by General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58). July: Indians occupy enclave of Portuguese India (dependency of Damão) by means of passive resistance movement. August: Indian passive resistance movement in Portuguese India repelled by Portuguese forces with loss of life. December: With U.S. backing, Portugal admitted as member of United Nations (along with Spain). Air force general Humberto Delgado, in opposition, challenges Estado Novo's hand-picked successor to Craveiro Lopes, Admiral Américo Tomás. Delgado rallies coalition of democratic, liberal, and communist opposition but loses rigged election and later flees to exile in Brazil. Portugal joins European Free Trade Association (EFTA).January and February: Estado Novo rocked by armed African insurrection in northern Angola, crushed by armed forces. Hijacking of Portuguese ocean liner by ally of Delgado, Captain Henrique Galvão. April: Salazar defeats attempted military coup and reshuffles cabinet with group of younger figures who seek to reform colonial rule and strengthen the regime's image abroad. 18 December: Indian army rapidly defeats Portugal's defense force in Goa, Damão, and Diu and incorporates Portugal's Indian possessions into Indian Union. January: Abortive military coup in Beja, Portugal.1965 February: General Delgado and his Brazilian secretary murdered and secretly buried near Spanish frontier by political police, PIDE.1968 August and September: Prime Minister Salazar, aged 79, suffers crippling stoke. President Tomás names former cabinet officer Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor. Caetano institutes modest reforms in Portugal and overseas.1971 Caetano government ratifies amended constitution that allows slight devolution and autonomy to overseas provinces in Africa and Asia. Right-wing loyalists oppose reforms in Portugal. 25 April: Military coup engineered by Armed Forces Movement overthrows Estado Novo and establishes provisional government emphasizing democratization, development, and decolonization. Limited resistance by loyalists. President Tomás and Premier Caetano flown to exile first in Madeira and then in Brazil. General Spínola appointed president. September: Revolution moves to left, as President Spínola, thwarted in his program, resigns.March: Military coup by conservative forces fails, and leftist response includes nationalization of major portion of economy. Polarization between forces and parties of left and right. 25 November: Military coup by moderate military elements thwarts leftist forces. Constituent Assembly prepares constitution. Revolution moves from left to center and then right.March: Constitution ratified by Assembly of the Republic. 25 April: Second general legislative election gives largest share of seats to Socialist Party (PS). Former oppositionist lawyer, Mário Soares, elected deputy and named prime minister.1977-85 Political pendulum of democratic Portugal moves from center-left to center-right, as Social Democratic Party (PSD) increases hold on assembly and take office under Prime Minister Cavaco Silva. July1985 elections give edge to PSD who advocate strong free-enterprise measures and revision of leftist-generated 1976 Constitution, amended modestly in 1982.1986 January: Portugal joins European Economic Community (EEC).1987 July: General, legislative elections for assembly give more than 50 percent to PSD led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva. For first time, since 1974, Portugal has a working majority government.1989 June: Following revisions of 1976 Constitution, reprivatization of economy begins, under PS government.January: Presidential elections, Mário Soares reelected for second term. July: General, legislative elections for assembly result in new PSD victory and majority government.January-July: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the European Economic Community (EEC). December: Tariff barriers fall as fully integrated Common Market established in the EEC.November: Treaty of Maastricht comes into force. The EEC officially becomes the European Union (EU). Portugal is signatory with 11 other member-nations.October: General, legislative elections for assembly result in PS victory and naming of Prime Minister Guterres. PS replace PSD as leading political party. November: Excavations for Lisbon bank uncover ancient Phoenician, Roman, and Christian ruins.January: General, presidential elections; socialist Jorge Sampaio defeats PSD's Cavaco Silva and assumes presidency from Dr. Mário Soares. July: Community of Portuguese Languages Countries (CPLP) cofounded by Portugal and Brazil.May-September: Expo '98 held in Lisbon. Opening of Vasco da Gama Bridge across Tagus River, Europe's longest (17 kilometers/ 11 miles). June: National referendum on abortion law change defeated after low voter turnout. November: National referendum on regionaliza-tion and devolution of power defeated after another low voter turnout.October: General, legislative elections: PS victory over PSD lacks clear majority in parliament. Following East Timor referendum, which votes for independence and withdrawal of Indonesia, outburst of popular outrage in streets, media, and communications of Portugal approves armed intervention and administration of United Nations (and withdrawal of Indonesia) in East Timor. Portugal and Indonesia restore diplomatic relations. December: A Special Territory since 1975, Colony of Macau transferred to sovereignty of People's Republic of China.January-June: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the EU; end of Discoveries Historical Commemoration Cycle (1988-2000).United Nations forces continue to occupy and administer former colony of East Timor, with Portugal's approval.January: General, presidential elections; PS president Sampaio reelected for second term. City of Oporto, "European City of Culture" for the year, hosts arts festival. December: Municipal elections: PSD defeats PS; socialist prime minister Guterres resigns; President Sampaio calls March parliamentary elections.1 January: Portugal enters single European Currency system. Euro currency adopted and ceases use of former national currency, the escudo. March: Parliamentary elections; PSD defeats PS and José Durão Barroso becomes prime minister. Military modernization law passed. Portugal holds chairmanship of Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE).May: Municipal law passed permitting municipalities to reorganize in new ways.June: Prime Minister Durão Barroso, invited to succeed Romano Prodi as president of EU Commission, resigns. Pedro Santana Lopes becomes prime minister. European Parliament elections held. Conscription for national service in army and navy ended. Mass grave uncovered at Academy of Sciences Museum, Lisbon, revealing remains of several thousand victims of Lisbon earthquake, 1755.February: Parliamentary elections; PS defeats PSD, socialists win first absolute majority in parliament since 1975. José Sócrates becomes prime minister.January: Presidential elections; PSD candidate Aníbal Cavaco Silva elected and assumes presidency from Jorge Sampaio. Portugal's national soccer team ranked 7th out of 205 countries by international soccer association. European Union's Bologna Process in educational reform initiated in Portugal.July-December: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the European Union. For reasons of economy, Portugal announces closure of many consulates, especially in France and the eastern US. Government begins official inspections of private institutions of higher education, following scandals.2008 January: Prime Minister Sócrates announces location of new Lisbon area airport as Alcochete, on south bank of Tagus River, site of air force shooting range. February: Portuguese Army begins to receive new modern battle tanks (Leopard 2 A6). March: Mass protest of 85,000 public school (primary and secondary levels) teachers in Lisbon schools dispute recent educational policies of minister of education and prime minister.
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